External Steel Slag Paving Jobs Highway 1.4 km section of the Lincoln Alexander Freeway (1997) Skid Resistance Requests -Waterdown Road -Old Ancaster Rd -Campbellville Rd -Osler Drive -Dewitt Hill Heavier Duty Roads -Hwy 20 Stoney Creek -Birch St -Burlington Street -Industrial Drive (1996) Benefits -High stability pavements Strong, cubic aggregate Unconfined freeze-thaw loss 1~4% -Skid resistance Good micro texture, resists polishing PSV 55~60 Loss by Micro-Deval abrasion 4~10% -Stripping resistance Naturally alkaline Limitations -Density Higher than most natural aggregates +20% BRD 3.2~3.4 -Volume expansion Will not be zero, but can be <1% -Absorption Higher than many aggregates 1.5~2.5%

Iron making and Steelmaking slags are products of the steel making process. Once stockpiled as low value byproducts, they are now accepted and often preferred and specified as a valuable raw material with many end uses. Air-Cooled Blast Furnace Slag   Asphalt aggregate Concrete/masonry aggregate Insulation/mineral wool Cement manufacturing raw material Agriculture/soil amendment Fill Roof aggregate Railroad ballast Glass manufacture Gabions/rip rap Environmental applications - filter media Pelletized Blast Furnace Slag Concrete masonry Lightweight concrete Lightweight fill Insulation Road base aggregate Granulated Blast Furnace Slag   GGBS Cement Soil cement Roller compacted concrete Road base Agriculture/soil amendment Steel Slag   Asphalt aggregate Fill Cement manufacturing raw feed Agriculture/soil amendment Environmental applications - filter media Railroad ballast Road base aggregates Gabions/rip rap. Recent Paving Experience Using Steel Slag Aggregate   Birch St - Hamilton Ontario 1997 - Hamilton Base course & surface course (HM3) on a concrete base   Dofasco - Heavy Equipment Route 1999 - Hamilton 10 inches of high stability HL8 done in three lifts   HL8 - Internal Paving at Dofasco EAF Scrap Handling Building Apron ~5000 tonnes 50% Coarse SSA 5.1% AC Stability 16,100 N 3.4% Air Voids BRD 2.754 14.4% VMA   The Lincoln Alexander Parkway 1.4 km test strip built 1997 47.0% Coarse SSA 42.4% Redlands Man. Sand 10.6% Nelson Sand 6.0% AC 2.0% Air Voids 15.4% VMA Stability 16,900 N BRD 2.731